Topic 9 Safety and risk management in oil and gas industry. Very interesting article can be found here http www. The Risk and Regulation of Deepwater. It touches upon risks and regulations in deepwater drilling. Two authors from United States and two from Canada review current legislation in US and Canada and have a debate in the end of the paper. Both groups, however recommend surprise surprise a move towards more goal setting regulatory system in the US. Particularly, they emphasize significant differences between these two countries in national versus regional control, in prescriptive versus goal based regulation, in penalties imposed on companies for infractions, and in the degree of independence granted to the safety regulator. So first off US regulatory system. US Significant changes were introduced into the regulatory framework post Macondo. The late Mineral Management Service MMS, which was understaffed, having only one inspector for every 5. Gulf of Mexico Region and didnt even have a comprehensive handbook addressing inspector roles and responsibilities, was replaced by three separate federal bodies, each with clearly defined responsibilities to collect revenues the Office of Natural Resources Revenue ONRR, to manage development Bureau of Ocean Energy Management BOEM, and to enforce safety precautions Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement BSEE. Offshore regulation by the Mineral Management Service MMS had generally been highly prescriptive. There were hundreds of pages of technical requirements that offshore operators were supposed to follow on specific issues, yet with advance of drilling technologies these specific prescriptive regulations became increasingly outdated. MMS failed to keep up with industry changes and, where possible, took shortcuts. Discussion Topic 10 ONGC Mumbai High Accident July 27, 2005 West Coast of India The Mumbai High North fire that resulted in 22 fatalities was due. TransportationVehicles Crafts for kids. Kindergarten, preschool, and elementary school crafts. Make wonderful, simple crafts with things found around the house. This section provides information and resources to help you find and order Transport Canada publications related to marine transportation. How to Make an Origami Airplane. Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding. The classic origami plane is made from a. Safety Engineering and Risk Management Debate 2012 Discussion Topic 9 Safety and risk management in oil and gas industry. Origami Help For Beginners no specific diagrams, but a great place to learn symbols and basic techniques a beginners must Links to Diagrams Online. Shed Labs Garden Shed Floor Shed Labs Ideas For Inside A 10x10 Shed How To Build A Wood Storage Bin. Origami Helicopter Pdf' title='Origami Helicopter Pdf' />There was also a historical weakness as part of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1. Gulf from the development and production plan requirement and, therefore, the environmental review. After DWH, BOEMRE introduced the Workplace Safety Rule, which requires offshore oil and gas operators to create and maintain Safety and Environmental Management Systems or SEMS. This rule introduces performance based standards which move away from emphasizing prescriptive regulations and toward a regulatory environment more similar to the safety case requirement in the United Kingdom. BOEMRE also has instituted a Drilling Safety Rule and the Ocean Energy Safety Advisory Committee was created as a permanent body of experts to provide guidance on offshore safety, well containment, and spill response. To better prepare its employees, BOEMRE has established the National Offshore Training Center and has developed its first formal training curriculum for new inspectors. However, authors emphasize that unlike in other major developed nations such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the U. S. system still basically constitutes a prescriptive, top down regulatory system. While this prescriptive system has some benefits, particularly as it gives the federal government the authority to specify exact requirements, it has trouble staying current in light of the rapidly changing nature of the offshore industry. Also, a strictly prescriptive approach discourages any innovation. By contrast, a goal based system encourages operators to find better, more innovative ways to achieve safety standards. Another issue is the liability cap for the United States which remains at 7. By contrast, in the United Kingdom, for example, where average penalties are also relatively low, the potential penalty for a breach is unlimited. In addition, in both Norway and the United Kingdom, serious non fatal safety breaches can be criminal charges punishable through imprisonment of key executives. Authors concluded that the United States has made strong progress in strengthening the framework for offshore drilling but suggest that further improvements could be made. Canadian system, which allows the provinces and territories to collect royalties gives developmental, regulatory, and safety responsibilities to joint federal provincial boards and allots major decision making power to local populations. The boards generate guidelines, while the provincial and federal governments work together to draft amendments to legislation and regulations. Each of the National Energy Boards is tasked with the regulatory responsibility to ensure safety, protection of the environment, and proper exploitation of the resources. The Board has no part in the establishment or administration of royalties or taxes for any offshore activity and therefore does not promote the Industry. Best Playwriting Mfa Programs. After the Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2. Senate of Canada concluded that the regulation of the industry is more than adequate. It specified three Canadian advantages in particular Effective January 1, 2. Canada moved from prescriptive to goal oriented regulation, which involves the regulator setting goals and specifying outcomes, but not the means of achieving compliance. The shared federal and provincial jurisdiction over the boards means that the persons most affected by drilling the residents of the adjacent provinces have a significant voice in decisions The boards have no role in the collection of royalties. Also, a Certificate of Fitness issued by a third party certifying authority is to operate all the equipment on a drilling installation. If a single underlying certificate or permit cannot be obtained, the Certificate of Fitness is canceled. In final argument authors point out how difficult it will be for the US to roll out goal setting approach. They mention that any rapid increase in the size of a regulatory bureaucracy presents a number of risks. More staff and the fundamental restructuring of multiple departments can easily lead to organizational chaos. Important questions are How difficult will it be to staff and train three bureaus rather than one How will these regulators establish boundaries among their separate authorities How to balance potential conflict of interests with multiplicity of regulators Authors cast doubt on the idea of creating more regulators and emphasize, that without a structured process, there is a considerable risk that the objectives in the new goal oriented regulation will follow the old prescribed regulations, or even change for the sake of change.